نشریه گردشگری و توسعه
سال هشتم شماره 4 (پیاپی 21، زمستان 1398)

The corporate social responsibility is a concept that has found a place for itself in the world today, and especially large organizations. The corporate social responsibility is linked to the responsibility of participating in society, the people and the environment in which it operates, and this responsibility extends beyond the economic and financial objectives. As a result of this study, the effect of corporate social responsibility on customer loyalty and Brand position considering the mediating variable is the customer value in the tourism companies based in Tehran. This research is descriptive-correlational in terms of purpose, applied and research method. The statistical sample was the visitors of tourism companies based in Tehran in the summer of 1396. The sample size of 200 people is selected through easy and convenient sampling. Data gathering tool was a standard questionnaire. The validity of the convergent and divergent narrative methods was used to assess its validity. From the two criteria, Cronbach's alpha and combined reliability were used. Data were analyzed by structural equation modeling using SPSS and PLS software.The results of the research show the positive effect of corporate social responsibility on customer loyalty and brand standing, as well as the positive effect of customer value on customer loyalty and brand standing in tourism companies in Tehran. The results also show that customer value is a mediator variable that plays a role in the relationship between corporate social responsibility and customer loyalty and brand position.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of tourism brand of Yazd city on the satisfaction and loyalty of domestic tourists. The research is considered as a descriptive-survey method in terms of the purpose of the research. The statistical population of all domestic tourists was male and female visitors from Yazd city, given the unlimited research community, Using Cochran's formula, and 384 tourists were considered as the statistical sample of the study. Data collection tool consisted of 30 questions and four subscales of Brand Knowledge (7 items), Brand Identity (8 items), Brand Satisfaction (10 items), and Brand Loyalty (5 items). Face and content validity based on expert opinion and research tools (11) was approved. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to determine the reliability. Based on the findings of the research model, brand identity has a significant effect on brand satisfaction (0.93). It also has a significant impact on brand loyalty brand knowledge (54/0). According to the findings of the research model, brand identity can increase brand loyalty through brand satisfaction in Yazd's tourist places. Finally, due to the climatic conditions of the province, including the potential of solar energy capacity and desert which can be used as a unique brand in this region compared to other potential be introduced.

Tourism development can bring about economic growth and job creation at destinations. Tourist arrival at a destination increases the final demand for product, therefore tourism and non-tourism economic sectors increase their production in order to meet the final and intermediate demands, respectively. Thus economic growth is brought about and demand for labor increases. Using the social accounting matrix of 2011, this paper studied the impact of inbound tourism development on the output of economic sectors and its job creation potential. The social accounting matrix is modified so as to incorporate tourism as a single comprehensive sector. Moreover, using structural path analysis approach, the paths through which tourism development affects the output level of other sectors are identified. Findings indicate that compared to other sectors, inbound tourism has the greatest effect on the production level. The results show the manufacturing, transportation and services sectors have the most output increase as a result of inbound tourism development. The highest direct impact is experienced in the transportation sector, while the highest indirect impact is imposed via intermediate demand of transportation from manufacturing sector. The highest induced effect is witnessed when the labor income of the middle-income urban households which is earned from tourism transportation is spent on services. Finally, job creation potential of inbound tourism is revealed to be at the fourth place, after agriculture, construction and transportation sectors, respectively. Therefore, developing inbound tourism can enhance production and employment.

The study of scientific production and research on the distribution channels of tourism in recent years can provide a road map for a better future. Therefore Peugeh has been working with the purpose of analyzing bilibiometric researches published on the Web of Science Web site on the topic of distribution of tourism from the beginning to the present and drawing the world's scientific map (over the past 35 years). This research is a bibliometric study and 142 scientific sources on the topic of the distribution of tourism channels from the Web of Science Web site were subject to bimetric analysis. Data analysis was performed by the facilities of this site as well as the VOS viewer software, a visualization software. The retrieved sources covered scientific outputs from 1983 to 2018. The results of this study indicate the upward trend in the publication of articles in the field of distribution channels in the last 10 years. Most articles in 2018, 26 articles, and the highest citations in 2018 were 212 citations. Most of the publications in this field were original articles (55.63%) and from the countries of China, then Spain, the United States, New Zealand and Taiwan. The compilation of a network of journals in the field of tourism distribution channels was displayed in 3 clusters with a total of 275 joint authorizations. Key words also evolved from the status of the tourism supply approach to the tourism system approach and, ultimately, the tourism demand approach.

The purpose of this study is to determine the recreational and sporting carrying capacity of the mountainous region in the province. To this end, three types of physical, real, and effective carrying capacity have been attempted to provide planners and designers with a sufficiently reliable basis for decision making and planning for sustainable development. Initially, 153 hectares of the area were selected as useful and usable areas by using the registration of grounded points (GPS) and land use mapping using the GIS tool. In the next step, the required parameters were extracted and calculated by examining the records, obtaining the users' votes and the theoretical foundations of the research. Five limiting factors and eleven subsample parameters were used as the coefficient for calculating the actual field strength of the study site. A researcher-made questionnaire (Likert Spectrum) was provided to users with a record (n=384) in order to score the site management capability parameters. Meanwhile, the largest share belonged to grocery stores (4.7) and the lowest points belonged to the regional relief system (1.1). Finally, the physical, actual and effective carrying capacity of the study site was estimated at 1224000, 137700, and 72981 individuals per day, respectively.

The purpose of this research is to design and explain the management model of sport tourism development in East Azarbaijan. A mixed method have been used in this research, a thematic analysis and a systematic approach to data base theory were used and in the quantitative phase, structural equation model was used. The data gathering tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that was designed based on scientific principles and its validity and reliability were confirmed with accuracy. The sampling method was available in the quantitative part of the study. A total of 235 questionnaires were distributed among sport management specialists and analyzed using factor analysis and structural equation modeling for modeling and hypothesis testing. The results showed that according to the opinion of the three groups, the deterrent factors with the mean of 2.15 have the highest rank and the attracting factors with the average of 1.78 have the lowest rank among the factors influencing the development of sport tourism marketing. From the viewpoint of the experts from the three groups, six factors were identified as factors contributing to the development of sport tourism marketing. The first factor was the informational and promotional activities with the value of 60.150% of variance, which is the main and most important factor in attracting factors Sports Tourism Marketing. The main indexes showed that models have suitable fit and based on the relationships identified between the variables, and at last, the ultimate model of sport tourism development was designed.

The purpose of current study is to measure the impact of tourism infrastructure on destination selection (due to the intermediate variables "tourism marketing, tourists' satisfaction, pre-visit image and perceived image of the destination"). This is an applied descriptive-correlation research. The statistical population of the study consisted of domestic tourists in Isfahan who visited Isfahan during from September to November 2018. 384 people from the statistical population were selected by simple random sampling method and a questionnaire was provided to them. Finally, 352 valid questionnaires were obtained. Data analysis was done through Path analysis using AMOUS and SPSS software. The conceptual model of the research was confirmed. In addition, the results of the model analysis showed that tourism infrastructure, tourist satisfaction, destination marketing, pre-visit image, and perceived image of the destination have the most impact on the choice of tourism destination, respectively. In analyzing information, the impact of tourism infrastructure on the destination choice was calculated and equal to 0.662. in relation to the mediating variables, the results showed respectively tourist satisfaction, destination marketing, pre-visit image, and perceived image of the destination have the greatest impact in choosing the destination. Therefore, considering the method and the effect of tourism infrastructure and consequently the intermediate variables on the choice of destination, in order to increase the visit of city of Isfahan by domestic tourists, accordingly, the need to pay attention to improve the tourist satisfaction, destination marketing, pre-visit image, and perceived image of the destination has been emphasized by utilizing infrastructure improvements.

Capacities of the cultural and natural heritage as tourism attractions have an important role in promoting the tourism related organization of each country. The coastal strip of Makran in the southe of Iran, due to its potential cultural and natural heritage as tourism potential and attractions, requires conducting studies to present Strategic Plans. The aim of this research is to study and describe the Heritage Tourism Capacities of Coastal zone of Makran in Hormozgan in order to improve the quality of tourism by surveying the Capacities of natural and cultural heritage (tangible and intangible) in the coastal zone of Makran. Current study by Descriptive method was done Based on recognition of cultural and natural resources. The results of this study show that the role of natural heritage capacities in the Makran is significant in the tourism system of the region and then the capacities of the tangible cultural heritage and after that intangible cultural heritage are raised In the interventions. Improving the region's economy and strengthening the relationship of tourists with cultural and natural heritages are some of the most important features provided by the values of heritages such as Mangrove forests, Tiab Wetland, Mobarak castle and Geigen Village for tangible heritages. The customs, Games, foods and Traditional methods of fishing are the cases related to intangible heritages that have a dominant adaptation with the tourist attractions in this region.

A large number of merchants, political representatives, catholic friars, explorers and adventurers traveled to Isfahan, during the reign of Shah Abbas I. But how did he make his capital such an attractive destination for travelers? The main purpose of this article is to examine the impact of his management policies, on the formation of a flourishing travel market. This study is a historical research, with analytic approach, based on library and documentary data sourcing. The period of the Safavids dynasty is often considered the beginning of modern Persian history. During the reign of Shah Abbas I, as he tried to upgrade the Silk Road to improve the commercial prosperity of the empire, an abundance of caravanserais, bridges, bazaars and roads were built. Shah Abbas I transferred his capital to Isfahan, which he transformed into one of the most attractive cities in the world. Our main discussion will be divided into two major sections. First, by referring to historical sources, especially travelogues, we will evaluate the Safavid Isfahan as a travel destination. Afterward, we will attempt to find the political, economic and social foundations of this developement. Due to the analyzed data, the reasons for acceptability of Safavid Isfahan as a travel destination, are based on four management foundations: expanding and beautifying the city, achieving economic centerality, providing the required infrastructures on the route and destination, and acceptance of non-Iranians / non-Muslims.

Today, tourism and tourist attraction as one of the economic resources, as well as the study of tourism data, have become especially important given the growing importance of the tourism industry and the competitiveness of this industry. In the tourism industry, recognizing the characteristics and information of the user's context leads to more targeted decisions and more satisfactory service to the user, which is not possible without the use of datamining tools and techniques. There are several methods for categorizing and verifying data. Considering the importance of recognizing the behavior and characteristics of tourists in choosing a tourist attraction place and thus attracting tourists' satisfaction, the aim of this study is to compare two decision tree and Support Vector Machine algorithms for categorizing tourist attraction sites based on user context information in Weka software. In this regard, user context information such as age, gender, educational level, type of tourist site and the point that users have given to the tourist destination has been used to classify tourist attraction sites. For this purpose, the user context and information of tourist place from 220 users were collected in Tehran tourist attractions and used for training and testing of two algorithms. By examining the results of this research, it was determined by different criteria that the decision tree has a better performance than the Support Vector Machine on the data used.